[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1209},["ShallowReactive",2],{"blog-ruff":3,"blog-ruff-favor-of":1181},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"cover_image":1181,"date":1182,"decidedDate":1182,"decision":1183,"decisionInFavorOf":1181,"decisionReason":1184,"description":1185,"evaluatedScore":394,"extension":1186,"link":1187,"logoPath":1181,"meta":1188,"navigation":397,"path":1189,"placements":1190,"reviewTrigger":1181,"satisfaction":401,"seo":1194,"stage":1195,"stem":1196,"tags":1197,"target":1206,"type":1207,"__hash__":1208},"radar\u002Fradar\u002Fruff.md","Ruff",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1175},"minimark",[9,14,18,84,91,102,126,129,134,137,140,1171],[10,11,13],"h1",{"id":12},"ruff-the-high-speed-rust-engine-consolidating-python-tooling","Ruff: The High-Speed Rust Engine Consolidating Python Tooling",[15,16,17],"p",{},"For nearly a decade, establishing code quality and formatting discipline in enterprise Python required stitching together an increasingly fragile assembly of standalone tools:",[19,20,21,33,39,45,69,78],"ol",{},[22,23,24,32],"li",{},[25,26,27],"strong",{},[28,29,31],"a",{"href":30},"\u002Fblog\u002Fblack","Black"," for uncompromising, deterministic AST formatting.",[22,34,35,38],{},[25,36,37],{},"isort"," for alphabetical, section-based import sorting.",[22,40,41,44],{},[25,42,43],{},"Flake8"," for PEP 8 styling and AST linting.",[22,46,47,50,51,55,56,50,59,55,62,50,65,68],{},[25,48,49],{},"flake8-bugbear"," (",[52,53,54],"code",{},"B","), ",[25,57,58],{},"flake8-comprehensions",[52,60,61],{},"C4",[25,63,64],{},"flake8-simplify",[52,66,67],{},"SIM",") for static bug detection.",[22,70,71,50,74,77],{},[25,72,73],{},"pyupgrade",[52,75,76],{},"UP",") to modernize legacy syntax for target Python runtimes.",[22,79,80,83],{},[25,81,82],{},"autoflake"," to purge unused imports and unreferenced variables.",[15,85,86,87,90],{},"While this multi-tool ecosystem successfully elevated Python code quality, it introduced staggering systemic friction. Each tool spun up its own Python interpreter, parsed the entire abstract syntax tree (AST) independently, ran under Python's Global Interpreter Lock (GIL), and often engaged in subtle configuration battles—such as Black and Flake8 disagreeing on whitespace around slicing operators (",[52,88,89],{},"E203",") or line lengths on closing parentheses.",[15,92,93,94,97,98,101],{},"In a codebase of 100,000+ lines of Python, running this legacy pipeline through git pre-commit hooks routinely took ",[25,95,96],{},"8 to 15 seconds",", tempting developers to bypass checks with ",[52,99,100],{},"--no-verify",". In CI pipelines, installing and executing these disjointed packages devoured minutes of billable runner time.",[15,103,104,105,107,108,111,112,118,119,125],{},"Enter ",[25,106,5],{},", created by Charlie Marsh and developed by ",[25,109,110],{},"Astral"," (the engineering team behind ",[25,113,114],{},[28,115,117],{"href":116},"\u002Fblog\u002Fuv","uv"," and ",[25,120,121],{},[28,122,124],{"href":123},"\u002Fblog\u002Fty","ty","). Written from scratch in Rust, Ruff replaces Black, Flake8, isort, pyupgrade, and dozens of Flake8 plugins with a single, standalone binary capable of linting and formatting massive codebases in tens of milliseconds.",[127,128],"hr",{},[130,131,133],"h2",{"id":132},"performance-benchmark-50x100x-faster","Performance Benchmark: 50x–100x Faster",[15,135,136],{},"Ruff's performance profile fundamentally changes developer ergonomics. By parsing Python code directly in compiled Rust with zero Python runtime startup overhead, Ruff operates at memory-bus speeds.",[15,138,139],{},"The interactive benchmark below demonstrates real-world execution latency measured on a 150,000-line Python monorepo across an 8-core Linux CI runner:",[141,142,143,148,189,191,195,224],"ruff-benchmark-chart",{},[144,145,147],"h3",{"id":146},"key-performance-characteristics","Key Performance Characteristics",[149,150,151,161,171],"ul",{},[22,152,153,156,157,160],{},[25,154,155],{},"Sub-100ms Local Pre-Commit Hooks",": While Black and Flake8 require 3,500ms to 8,000ms to evaluate a repository before git permits a commit, Ruff completes both linting and formatting in ",[25,158,159],{},"under 50 milliseconds",". The pre-commit feedback loop transitions from a noticeable wait to imperceptible execution.",[22,162,163,166,167,170],{},[25,164,165],{},"Incremental Cache Architecture",": On incremental code modifications (such as saving a single file in VS Code or Neovim), Ruff's cache resolves in ",[25,168,169],{},"10 to 15 milliseconds",", enabling true real-time format-on-save without editor stutter.",[22,172,173,176,177,181,182,118,185,188],{},[25,174,175],{},"CI Pipeline Acceleration",": When paired with ",[25,178,179],{},[28,180,117],{"href":116},", running ",[52,183,184],{},"uvx ruff check --fix",[52,186,187],{},"uvx ruff format"," eliminates all pip dependency resolution overhead, reducing multi-minute CI quality stages to under 2 seconds.",[127,190],{},[130,192,194],{"id":193},"the-great-toolchain-consolidation","The Great Toolchain Consolidation",[15,196,197,198,201,202,205,206,205,209,212,213,216,217,220,221,223],{},"Beyond raw velocity, Ruff's greatest architectural triumph is ",[25,199,200],{},"toolchain unification",". Rather than maintaining five separate configuration blocks across ",[52,203,204],{},".flake8",", ",[52,207,208],{},"setup.cfg",[52,210,211],{},".isort.cfg",", and ",[52,214,215],{},"pyproject.toml",", Ruff unifies formatting, import organization, static analysis, and syntax modernization under a cohesive ",[52,218,219],{},"[tool.ruff]"," schema in ",[52,222,215],{},".",[225,226,227,235,247,254,264,268,271,351,353,360,363,709,711,715,722,819,827,998,1000,1004,1007,1048,1050,1054,1156,1160],"ruff-toolchain-matrix",{},[144,228,230,231,234],{"id":229},"_1-drop-in-black-formatting-parity-ruff-format","1. Drop-In Black Formatting Parity (",[52,232,233],{},"ruff format",")",[15,236,237,238,240,241,246],{},"When Astral introduced ",[52,239,233],{},", the goal was not to create another novel formatting style, but to achieve ",[25,242,243,244],{},"99.9% AST-level equivalence with ",[28,245,31],{"href":30},". Ruff adheres to Black's standard style conventions (line lengths, trailing commas, bracket closing, quote normalization) while eliminating Black's runtime latency. Migrating an existing Black repository to Ruff produces virtually zero diff noise across millions of lines of production code.",[144,248,250,251,234],{"id":249},"_2-built-in-import-sorting-select-i","2. Built-in Import Sorting (",[52,252,253],{},"select = [\"I\"]",[15,255,256,257,259,260,263],{},"Traditionally, running ",[52,258,37],{}," before ",[52,261,262],{},"black"," was prone to subtle race conditions where isort's wrapping rules conflicted with Black's trailing comma preferences. In Ruff, import sorting is executed within the same AST traversal pass as formatting, guaranteeing deterministic, conflict-free output.",[144,265,267],{"id":266},"_3-native-re-implementation-of-800-lint-rules","3. Native Re-implementation of 800+ Lint Rules",[15,269,270],{},"Ruff natively implements rules from over 50 popular Flake8 plugins without requiring any external Python dependencies:",[149,272,273,282,295,303,327,335],{},[22,274,275,281],{},[25,276,277,280],{},[52,278,279],{},"F"," (Pyflakes)",": Catches undefined names, unused variables, and invalid syntax.",[22,283,284,294],{},[25,285,286,289,290,293],{},[52,287,288],{},"E"," \u002F ",[52,291,292],{},"W"," (pycodestyle)",": Enforces PEP 8 error and warning guidelines.",[22,296,297,302],{},[25,298,299,301],{},[52,300,54],{}," (flake8-bugbear)",": Detects common Python anti-patterns and performance footguns (e.g., mutable default arguments in functions).",[22,304,305,310,311,314,315,318,319,322,323,326],{},[25,306,307,309],{},[52,308,76],{}," (pyupgrade)",": Automatically refactors legacy syntax to modern Python (e.g., rewriting ",[52,312,313],{},"typing.Dict[str, Any]"," to ",[52,316,317],{},"dict[str, Any]"," and upgrading ",[52,320,321],{},"%"," or ",[52,324,325],{},".format()"," formatting to f-strings).",[22,328,329,334],{},[25,330,331,333],{},[52,332,67],{}," (flake8-simplify)",": Recommends simplified boolean expressions and context managers.",[22,336,337,343,344,347,348,223],{},[25,338,339,342],{},[52,340,341],{},"PTH"," (flake8-use-pathlib)",": Nudges file operations from legacy ",[52,345,346],{},"os.path"," to modern ",[52,349,350],{},"pathlib.Path",[127,352],{},[130,354,356,357,359],{"id":355},"production-grade-pyprojecttoml-configuration","Production-Grade ",[52,358,215],{}," Configuration",[15,361,362],{},"Below is our standardized enterprise configuration adopted across all Python microservices, data pipelines, and shared packages:",[364,365,370],"pre",{"className":366,"code":367,"language":368,"meta":369,"style":369},"language-toml shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","[tool.ruff]\n# Target Python version matching your deployment runtime\ntarget-version = \"py312\"\n\n# Standard enterprise line length matching Black conventions\nline-length = 88\n\n# Exclude common build artifacts and virtual environments\nexclude = [\n    \".git\",\n    \".mypy_cache\",\n    \".ruff_cache\",\n    \".venv\",\n    \"__pypackages__\",\n    \"dist\",\n    \"build\",\n]\n\n[tool.ruff.lint]\n# Select core rulesets:\n# E\u002FW = pycodestyle, F = Pyflakes, I = isort, B = bugbear, UP = pyupgrade\n# SIM = flake8-simplify, C4 = flake8-comprehensions, PTH = flake8-use-pathlib\nselect = [\n    \"E\",\n    \"W\",\n    \"F\",\n    \"I\",\n    \"B\",\n    \"UP\",\n    \"C4\",\n    \"SIM\",\n    \"PTH\",\n]\n\n# Explicitly ignore rules that conflict with modern Black-style formatting\nignore = [\n    \"E501\", # Line too long (handled gracefully by ruff format)\n    \"B008\", # Do not perform function call in argument defaults (needed for FastAPI Depends)\n    \"SIM108\", # Use ternary operator instead of if-else (can reduce readability)\n]\n\n# Enable automated safe autofixes for imports, unused code, and syntax modernization\nfixable = [\"ALL\"]\nunfixable = []\n\n[tool.ruff.lint.isort]\n# Organize imports with first-party recognition\nknown-first-party = [\"core\", \"app\", \"shared\"]\ncombine-as-imports = true\n\n[tool.ruff.format]\n# Enforce double quotes and Unix line endings matching Black defaults\nquote-style = \"double\"\nindent-style = \"space\"\nskip-magic-trailing-comma = false\nline-ending = \"lf\"\ndocstring-code-format = true\n","toml","",[52,371,372,380,386,392,399,405,411,416,422,428,434,440,446,452,458,464,470,476,481,487,493,499,505,511,517,523,529,535,541,547,553,559,565,570,575,581,587,593,599,605,610,615,621,627,633,638,644,650,656,662,667,673,679,685,691,697,703],{"__ignoreMap":369},[373,374,377],"span",{"class":375,"line":376},"line",1,[373,378,379],{},"[tool.ruff]\n",[373,381,383],{"class":375,"line":382},2,[373,384,385],{},"# Target Python version matching your deployment runtime\n",[373,387,389],{"class":375,"line":388},3,[373,390,391],{},"target-version = \"py312\"\n",[373,393,395],{"class":375,"line":394},4,[373,396,398],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":397},true,"\n",[373,400,402],{"class":375,"line":401},5,[373,403,404],{},"# Standard enterprise line length matching Black conventions\n",[373,406,408],{"class":375,"line":407},6,[373,409,410],{},"line-length = 88\n",[373,412,414],{"class":375,"line":413},7,[373,415,398],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":397},[373,417,419],{"class":375,"line":418},8,[373,420,421],{},"# Exclude common build artifacts and virtual environments\n",[373,423,425],{"class":375,"line":424},9,[373,426,427],{},"exclude = [\n",[373,429,431],{"class":375,"line":430},10,[373,432,433],{},"    \".git\",\n",[373,435,437],{"class":375,"line":436},11,[373,438,439],{},"    \".mypy_cache\",\n",[373,441,443],{"class":375,"line":442},12,[373,444,445],{},"    \".ruff_cache\",\n",[373,447,449],{"class":375,"line":448},13,[373,450,451],{},"    \".venv\",\n",[373,453,455],{"class":375,"line":454},14,[373,456,457],{},"    \"__pypackages__\",\n",[373,459,461],{"class":375,"line":460},15,[373,462,463],{},"    \"dist\",\n",[373,465,467],{"class":375,"line":466},16,[373,468,469],{},"    \"build\",\n",[373,471,473],{"class":375,"line":472},17,[373,474,475],{},"]\n",[373,477,479],{"class":375,"line":478},18,[373,480,398],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":397},[373,482,484],{"class":375,"line":483},19,[373,485,486],{},"[tool.ruff.lint]\n",[373,488,490],{"class":375,"line":489},20,[373,491,492],{},"# Select core rulesets:\n",[373,494,496],{"class":375,"line":495},21,[373,497,498],{},"# E\u002FW = pycodestyle, F = Pyflakes, I = isort, B = bugbear, UP = pyupgrade\n",[373,500,502],{"class":375,"line":501},22,[373,503,504],{},"# SIM = flake8-simplify, C4 = flake8-comprehensions, PTH = flake8-use-pathlib\n",[373,506,508],{"class":375,"line":507},23,[373,509,510],{},"select = [\n",[373,512,514],{"class":375,"line":513},24,[373,515,516],{},"    \"E\",\n",[373,518,520],{"class":375,"line":519},25,[373,521,522],{},"    \"W\",\n",[373,524,526],{"class":375,"line":525},26,[373,527,528],{},"    \"F\",\n",[373,530,532],{"class":375,"line":531},27,[373,533,534],{},"    \"I\",\n",[373,536,538],{"class":375,"line":537},28,[373,539,540],{},"    \"B\",\n",[373,542,544],{"class":375,"line":543},29,[373,545,546],{},"    \"UP\",\n",[373,548,550],{"class":375,"line":549},30,[373,551,552],{},"    \"C4\",\n",[373,554,556],{"class":375,"line":555},31,[373,557,558],{},"    \"SIM\",\n",[373,560,562],{"class":375,"line":561},32,[373,563,564],{},"    \"PTH\",\n",[373,566,568],{"class":375,"line":567},33,[373,569,475],{},[373,571,573],{"class":375,"line":572},34,[373,574,398],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":397},[373,576,578],{"class":375,"line":577},35,[373,579,580],{},"# Explicitly ignore rules that conflict with modern Black-style formatting\n",[373,582,584],{"class":375,"line":583},36,[373,585,586],{},"ignore = [\n",[373,588,590],{"class":375,"line":589},37,[373,591,592],{},"    \"E501\", # Line too long (handled gracefully by ruff format)\n",[373,594,596],{"class":375,"line":595},38,[373,597,598],{},"    \"B008\", # Do not perform function call in argument defaults (needed for FastAPI Depends)\n",[373,600,602],{"class":375,"line":601},39,[373,603,604],{},"    \"SIM108\", # Use ternary operator instead of if-else (can reduce readability)\n",[373,606,608],{"class":375,"line":607},40,[373,609,475],{},[373,611,613],{"class":375,"line":612},41,[373,614,398],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":397},[373,616,618],{"class":375,"line":617},42,[373,619,620],{},"# Enable automated safe autofixes for imports, unused code, and syntax modernization\n",[373,622,624],{"class":375,"line":623},43,[373,625,626],{},"fixable = [\"ALL\"]\n",[373,628,630],{"class":375,"line":629},44,[373,631,632],{},"unfixable = []\n",[373,634,636],{"class":375,"line":635},45,[373,637,398],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":397},[373,639,641],{"class":375,"line":640},46,[373,642,643],{},"[tool.ruff.lint.isort]\n",[373,645,647],{"class":375,"line":646},47,[373,648,649],{},"# Organize imports with first-party recognition\n",[373,651,653],{"class":375,"line":652},48,[373,654,655],{},"known-first-party = [\"core\", \"app\", \"shared\"]\n",[373,657,659],{"class":375,"line":658},49,[373,660,661],{},"combine-as-imports = true\n",[373,663,665],{"class":375,"line":664},50,[373,666,398],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":397},[373,668,670],{"class":375,"line":669},51,[373,671,672],{},"[tool.ruff.format]\n",[373,674,676],{"class":375,"line":675},52,[373,677,678],{},"# Enforce double quotes and Unix line endings matching Black defaults\n",[373,680,682],{"class":375,"line":681},53,[373,683,684],{},"quote-style = \"double\"\n",[373,686,688],{"class":375,"line":687},54,[373,689,690],{},"indent-style = \"space\"\n",[373,692,694],{"class":375,"line":693},55,[373,695,696],{},"skip-magic-trailing-comma = false\n",[373,698,700],{"class":375,"line":699},56,[373,701,702],{},"line-ending = \"lf\"\n",[373,704,706],{"class":375,"line":705},57,[373,707,708],{},"docstring-code-format = true\n",[127,710],{},[130,712,714],{"id":713},"cicd-and-pre-commit-integration","CI\u002FCD and Pre-Commit Integration",[15,716,717,718,721],{},"To integrate Ruff into local development workflows with zero friction, configure ",[52,719,720],{},".pre-commit-config.yaml",":",[364,723,727],{"className":724,"code":725,"language":726,"meta":369,"style":369},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","repos:\n  - repo: https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fastral-sh\u002Fruff-pre-commit\n    rev: v0.9.0\n    hooks:\n      # Run the linter with autofix enabled\n      - id: ruff\n        args: [--fix]\n      # Run the formatter\n      - id: ruff-format\n","yaml",[52,728,729,739,754,764,771,777,790,803,808],{"__ignoreMap":369},[373,730,731,735],{"class":375,"line":376},[373,732,734],{"class":733},"s9eBZ","repos",[373,736,738],{"class":737},"sVt8B",":\n",[373,740,741,744,747,750],{"class":375,"line":382},[373,742,743],{"class":737},"  - ",[373,745,746],{"class":733},"repo",[373,748,749],{"class":737},": ",[373,751,753],{"class":752},"sZZnC","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fastral-sh\u002Fruff-pre-commit\n",[373,755,756,759,761],{"class":375,"line":388},[373,757,758],{"class":733},"    rev",[373,760,749],{"class":737},[373,762,763],{"class":752},"v0.9.0\n",[373,765,766,769],{"class":375,"line":394},[373,767,768],{"class":733},"    hooks",[373,770,738],{"class":737},[373,772,773],{"class":375,"line":401},[373,774,776],{"class":775},"sJ8bj","      # Run the linter with autofix enabled\n",[373,778,779,782,785,787],{"class":375,"line":407},[373,780,781],{"class":737},"      - ",[373,783,784],{"class":733},"id",[373,786,749],{"class":737},[373,788,789],{"class":752},"ruff\n",[373,791,792,795,798,801],{"class":375,"line":413},[373,793,794],{"class":733},"        args",[373,796,797],{"class":737},": [",[373,799,800],{"class":752},"--fix",[373,802,475],{"class":737},[373,804,805],{"class":375,"line":418},[373,806,807],{"class":775},"      # Run the formatter\n",[373,809,810,812,814,816],{"class":375,"line":424},[373,811,781],{"class":737},[373,813,784],{"class":733},[373,815,749],{"class":737},[373,817,818],{"class":752},"ruff-format\n",[15,820,821,822,826],{},"In GitHub Actions or GitLab CI, Ruff can be executed without installing any virtual environments using Astral's ",[25,823,824],{},[28,825,117],{"href":116}," standalone runner:",[364,828,830],{"className":724,"code":829,"language":726,"meta":369,"style":369},"name: Code Quality\n\non: [push, pull_request]\n\njobs:\n  lint-and-format:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    steps:\n      - uses: actions\u002Fcheckout@v4\n      - name: Install uv\n        uses: astral-sh\u002Fsetup-uv@v4\n        with:\n          enable-cache: true\n\n      - name: Run Ruff Linter\n        run: uvx ruff check --output-format=github .\n\n      - name: Check Formatting\n        run: uvx ruff format --check .\n",[52,831,832,842,846,864,868,875,882,892,899,911,922,932,939,949,953,964,974,978,989],{"__ignoreMap":369},[373,833,834,837,839],{"class":375,"line":376},[373,835,836],{"class":733},"name",[373,838,749],{"class":737},[373,840,841],{"class":752},"Code 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